PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8mail — Send mail Description mail string $to, string $subject, string $message, arraystring $additional_headers = [], string $additional_params = "" bool Parameters to Receiver, or receivers of the mail. The formatting of this string must comply with » RFC 2822. Some examples are user user anotheruser User User , Another User subject Subject of the email to be sent. message Message to be sent. Each line should be separated with a CRLF \r\n. Lines should not be larger than 70 characters. Caution Windows only When PHP is talking to a SMTP server directly, if a full stop is found on the start of a line, it is removed. To counter-act this, replace these occurrences with a double dot. additional_headers optional String or array to be inserted at the end of the email header. This is typically used to add extra headers From, Cc, and Bcc. Multiple extra headers should be separated with a CRLF \r\n. If outside data are used to compose this header, the data should be sanitized so that no unwanted headers could be injected. If an array is passed, its keys are the header names and its values are the respective header values. Note Before PHP and repectively, additional_headers did not have mail header injection protection. Therefore, users must make sure specified headers are safe and contains headers only. Never start mail body by putting multiple newlines. Note When sending mail, the mail must contain a From header. This can be set with the additional_headers parameter, or a default can be set in Failing to do this will result in an error message similar to Warning mail "sendmail_from" not set in or custom "From" header missing. The From header sets also Return-Path when sending directly via SMTP Windows only. Note If messages are not received, try using a LF \n only. Some Unix mail transfer agents most notably » qmail replace LF by CRLF automatically which leads to doubling CR if CRLF is used. This should be a last resort, as it does not comply with » RFC 2822. additional_params optional The additional_params parameter can be used to pass additional flags as command line options to the program configured to be used when sending mail, as defined by the sendmail_path configuration setting. For example, this can be used to set the envelope sender address when using sendmail with the -f sendmail option. This parameter is escaped by escapeshellcmd internally to prevent command execution. escapeshellcmd prevents command execution, but allows to add additional parameters. For security reasons, it is recommended for the user to sanitize this parameter to avoid adding unwanted parameters to the shell command. Since escapeshellcmd is applied automatically, some characters that are allowed as email addresses by internet RFCs cannot be used. mail can not allow such characters, so in programs where the use of such characters is required, alternative means of sending emails such as using a framework or a library is recommended. The user that the webserver runs as should be added as a trusted user to the sendmail configuration to prevent a 'X-Warning' header from being added to the message when the envelope sender -f is set using this method. For sendmail users, this file is /etc/mail/trusted-users. Return Values Returns true if the mail was successfully accepted for delivery, false otherwise. It is important to note that just because the mail was accepted for delivery, it does NOT mean the mail will actually reach the intended destination. Changelog Version Description The additional_headers parameter now also accepts an array. Examples Example 1 Sending mail. Using mail to send a simple email Example 2 Sending mail with extra headers. The addition of basic headers, telling the MUA the From and Reply-To addresses Example 3 Sending mail with extra headers as array This example sends the same mail as the example immediately above, but passes the additional headers as array available as of PHP 'webmaster 'Reply-To' => 'webmaster 'X-Mailer' => 'PHP/' . phpversion;mail$to, $subject, $message, $headers;?> Example 4 Sending mail with an additional command line parameter. The additional_params parameter can be used to pass an additional parameter to the program configured to use when sending mail using the sendmail_path. Example 5 Sending HTML email It is also possible to send HTML email with mail. Birthday Reminders for August Here are the birthdays upcoming in August! PersonDayMonthYear Johny10thAugust1970 Sally17thAugust1973 ';// To send HTML mail, the Content-type header must be set$headers[] = 'MIME-Version = 'Content-type text/html; charset=iso-8859-1';// Additional headers$headers[] = 'To Mary , Kelly ';$headers[] = 'From Birthday Reminder ';$headers[] = 'Cc birthdayarchive = 'Bcc birthdaycheck Mail itmail$to, $subject, $message, implode"\r\n", $headers;?> Note If intending to send HTML or otherwise Complex mails, it is recommended to use the PEAR package » PEARMail_Mime. Notes Note The SMTP implementation Windows only of mail differs in many ways from the sendmail implementation. First, it doesn't use a local binary for composing messages but only operates on direct sockets which means a MTA is needed listening on a network socket which can either on the localhost or a remote machine. Second, the custom headers like From, Cc, Bcc and Date are not interpreted by the MTA in the first place, but are parsed by PHP. As such, the to parameter should not be an address in the form of "Something ". The mail command may not parse this properly while talking with the MTA. Note It is worth noting that the mail function is not suitable for larger volumes of email in a loop. This function opens and closes an SMTP socket for each email, which is not very efficient. For the sending of large amounts of email, see the » PEARMail, and » PEARMail_Queue packages. Note The following RFCs may be useful » RFC 1896, » RFC 2045, » RFC 2046, » RFC 2047, » RFC 2048, » RFC 2049, and » RFC 2822. See Also mb_send_mail - Send encoded mail imap_mail - Send an email message » PEARMail » PEARMail_Mime Anonymous ¶2 years ago If you notice wrong displayed characters in the email it's because you need to properly set the Content-Type and the Charset in the headers of the emailMostly, UTF-8 is your best can set custom headers with the fourth parameter of the mail make the whole thing waterproof, add the following header tooNow you can use the combination of UTF-8 and Base64 to properly encode the subject line and the recipient name like this';?>And don't forget to Base64 encode the email message tooAll references are taken from Anonymous ¶5 years ago Security advice Although it is not documented, for the parameters $to and $subject the mail function changes at least \r and \n to space. So these parameters are safe against injection of additional headers. But you might want to check $to for commas as these separate multiple addresses and you might not want to send to more than one crucial part is the $additional_headers parameter. This parameter can't be cleaned by the mail function. So it is up to you to prevent unwanted \r or \n to be inserted into the values you put in there. Otherwise you just created a potential spam distributor. php at simoneast dot net ¶5 years ago Often it's helpful to find the exact error message that is triggered by the mail function. While the function doesn't provide an error directly, you can use error_get_last when mail returns false.Tested successfully on Windows which uses SMTP by default, but sendmail on Linux/OSX may not provide the same level of detail.Thanks to charles dot fisher at arconic dot com ¶4 years ago I migrated an application to a platform without a local transport agent MTA. I did not want to configure an MTA, so I wrote this xxmail function to replace mail with calls to a remote SMTP server. Hopefully it is of some xxmail$to, $subject, $body, $headers{ $smtp = stream_socket_client'tcp// $eno, $estr, 30; $B = 8192; $c = "\r\n"; $s = 'myapp fwrite$smtp, 'helo ' . $_ENV['HOSTNAME'] . $c; $junk = fgets$smtp, $B; // Envelope fwrite$smtp, 'mail from ' . $s . $c; $junk = fgets$smtp, $B; fwrite$smtp, 'rcpt to ' . $to . $c; $junk = fgets$smtp, $B; fwrite$smtp, 'data' . $c; $junk = fgets$smtp, $B; // Header fwrite$smtp, 'To ' . $to . $c; ifstrlen$subject fwrite$smtp, 'Subject ' . $subject . $c; ifstrlen$headers fwrite$smtp, $headers; // Must be \r\n delimited fwrite$smtp, $headers . $c; // Body ifstrlen$body fwrite$smtp, $body . $c; fwrite$smtp, $c . '.' . $c; $junk = fgets$smtp, $B; // Close fwrite$smtp, 'quit' . $c; $junk = fgets$smtp, $B; fclose$smtp;} ABOMB ¶10 years ago I was having delivery issues from this function to Gmail, Yahoo, AOL, etc. I used the notes here to figure that you need to be setting your Return-Path to a valid email to catch bounces. There are two extra delivery gotchas on top of that1 The domain in the email used in the -f option in the sendmail parameter or in the mail extra parameters field, needs to have a valid SPF record for the domain in DNS as a "TXT" record type for sure and add an additional "SPF" type record if possible. Why? That's header field being used for spam You should also use a domain key or DKIM. The trick here is that the domain key/DKIM is case sensitive! I used Cpanel to create my domain key which automatically used all lowercase domain names in the key creation. I found when sending email and using a camel case "-f account option, my key was not accepted. However it was accepted when I used "-f account are many other factors that can contribute to mail not getting to inboxes, including your own multiple failed testing attempts, so I suggest you consult each site's guidelines and don't ask me for help. These are just the couple technical issues that helped my hope this saves someone some time and headaches... pangz dot lab at gmail dot com ¶2 years ago * Sending email with attachmentfunction sendMail string $fileAttachment, string $mailMessage = MAIL_CONF["mailMessage"], string $subject = MAIL_CONF["subject"], string $toAddress = MAIL_CONF["toAddress"], string $fromMail = MAIL_CONF["fromMail"] bool { $fileAttachment = trim$fileAttachment; $from = $fromMail; $pathInfo = pathinfo$fileAttachment; $attchmentName = "attachment_".date"YmdHms". isset$pathInfo['extension']? ".".$pathInfo['extension'] "" ; $attachment = chunk_splitbase64_encodefile_get_contents$fileAttachment; $boundary = "PHP-mixed-".md5time; $boundWithPre = "\n-".$boundary; $headers = "From $from"; $headers .= "\nReply-To $from"; $headers .= "\nContent-Type multipart/mixed; boundary=\"".$boundary."\""; $message = $boundWithPre; $message .= "\n Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"; $message .= "\n $mailMessage"; $message .= $boundWithPre; $message .= "\nContent-Type application/octet-stream; name=\"".$attchmentName."\""; $message .= "\nContent-Transfer-Encoding base64\n"; $message .= "\nContent-Disposition attachment\n"; $message .= $attachment; $message .= $boundWithPre."-"; return mail$toAddress, $subject, $message, $headers;}* Sending email in htmlfunction sendHtmlMail string $mailMessage = MAIL_CONF["mailMessage"], string $subject = MAIL_CONF["subject"], array $toAddress = MAIL_CONF["toAddress"], string $fromMail = MAIL_CONF["fromMail"] bool { $to = implode",", $toAddress; $headers[] = 'MIME-Version $headers[] = 'Content-type text/html; charset=iso-8859-1'; $headers[] = 'To '.$to; $headers[] = 'From '.$fromMail; return mail$to, $subject, $mailMessage, implode"\r\n", $headers;} Mark Simon ¶3 years ago It is worth noting that you can set up a fake sendmail program using the sendmail_path directive in the comment in that file, sendmail_path also works for Window. From directive works also under Windows. If set, smtp, smtp_port and sendmail_from are ignored and the specified command is executed. chris at ocproducts dot com ¶5 years ago The 'sendmail' executable which PHP uses on Linux/Mac not Windows expects "\n" as a line executable is a standard, and emulated by other MTAs."\n" is confirmed required for qmail and postfix, probably also for sendmail and exim but I have not you pass through using "\r\n" as a separator it may appear to work, but your email will be subtly corrupted and some middleware may break. It only works because some systems will clean up your you are implementing DKIM be very careful, as DKIM checks will fail at least on popular validation tools if you screw this up. DKIM must be calculated using "\r\n" but then you must switch it all to "\n" when using the PHP mail Windows, however, you should use "\r\n" because PHP is using SMTP in this situation, and hence the normal rules of the SMTP protocol not the normal rules of Unix piping apply. Ben Cooke ¶16 years ago Note that there is a big difference between the behavior of this function on Windows systems vs. UNIX systems. On Windows it delivers directly to an SMTP server, while on a UNIX system it uses a local command to hand off to the system's own MTA. The upshot of all this is that on a Windows system your message and headers must use the standard line endings \r\n as prescribed by the email specs. On a UNIX system the MTA's "sendmail" interface assumes that recieved data will use UNIX line endings and will turn any \n to \r\n, so you must supply only \n to mail on a UNIX system to avoid the MTA hypercorrecting to \r\r\n. If you use plain old \n on a Windows system, some MTAs will get a little upset. qmail in particular will refuse outright to accept any message that has a lonely \n without an accompanying \r. Porjo ¶12 years ago Make sure you enclose \r\n in double quotes not single quotes! so that PHP can translate that into the correct linefeed code at ¶10 years ago Here's a small handy function I use to send email in UTF-8. \r\n". "MIME-Version . "\r\n" . "Content-type text/html; charset=UTF-8" . "\r\n"; return mail$to, $subject, $message, $headers; }?> eeeugeneee ¶5 years ago Send mail with minimal requirements from email services. $encoding, "output-charset" => $encoding, "line-length" => 76, "line-break-chars" => "\r\n" ;// Mail header $header = "Content-type text/html; charset=".$encoding." \r\n"; $header .= "From ".$from_name." \r\n"; $header .= "MIME-Version \r\n"; $header .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding 8bit \r\n"; $header .= "Date ".date"r T"." \r\n"; $header .= iconv_mime_encode"Subject", $mail_subject, $subject_preferences;// Send mail mail$mail_to, $mail_subject, $mail_message, $header;?> rexlorenzo at gmail dot com ¶10 years ago Be careful to not put extra spaces for the $headers example, this didn't work on our servers$headers = "From $from \r\n Bcc $bcc \r\n";But this did$headers = "From $from\r\nBcc $bcc\r\n";Notice the removal of the spaces around the first \r\n. Max AT ¶10 years ago To define a mail sensitivity you have to put this line in the headersPossible OptionsSensitivity Normal, Personal, Private and Company-ConfidentialThese will be recognised and handled in Outlook, Thunderbird and others. php dot net at schrecktech dot com ¶17 years ago When sending MIME email make sure you follow the documentation with the "70" characters per line...you may end up with missing characters...and that is really hard to track down...

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Backgroundand Aim Many multilevel logistic regression analyses of “neighbourhood and health” focus on interpreting measures of associations (e.g., odds ratio, OR). In contrast, multilevel analysis of variance is rarely considered. We propose an original stepwise analytical approach that distinguishes between “specific” (measures of association) and

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Theestimated prevalence of AF is 0.4% to 1% in the general population, increasing with age. 18,19 Cross-sectional studies have found a lower prevalence in those below the age of 60 y, increasing to 8% in those older than 80 y . 20 – 22 The age-adjusted prevalence of AF is higher in men, 22,23 in whom the prevalence has more than doubled from the 1970s to the

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Weshow, for previously uncalculated examples containing a uniform mass in the loop, that it is possible to obtain complete massive one-loop gauge the

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^{DiagnosticCode: smtp;550 mail dropped, bare LF found J'ai fait du vide dans ma boîte mail, j'ai fait pas mal de recherche sur différents forums, mais je ne trouve aucune réponse. Quelqu'un}

IntroductionThe objective of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is to transfer mail reliably and efficiently. SMTP is independent of the particular transmission subsystem and requires only a reliable ordered data stream channel. While this document specifically discusses transport over TCP, other transports are possible. .